frdnÜ fkdlaia wm rgg meñKsfha Ök cd;sl *dyshka ysñhka f.a foaY.fõIKhlg fkdj ;uka yd ish mshdKka we;=¿ msßila fj<|dï lghq;= i|yd ráka rgg hd;%d l< rej,a kej l=Kdgqjlg yiqj" wn,ka jQ kejg l=U .ila lmd .ekSu i|yd h' kuq;a isÿjQfha j¢kakg .sh foajd,h ysfia lvdf.k jegqKd fia ish mshdKkag iy frdnÜ fkdlaia we;=¿ i.hka lsysmfokl=g ,xldfõ isr.; fjkakgh' fï isr.; ùu ksid Tyqf.a mshd ,laÈj wjika yqiau fy¿ w;r frdnÜ fkdlaia we;=¿ i.hkag isÿjQfha jir 20 la isrlrejka f,i furfÜ f.jd oukakgh'
ráka mek hk ;=re úis jirla mqrd Y%S ,xldj ms<sn|j;a Tyqf.a isrldr Ôú;h ms<sn|j;a ,shQ .%ka:h miqj tod fy<Èj kñka b;d jeo.;a fmd;la f,i isxy,hg mßj¾;kh úh' wm rfÜ fndfyda fokd úiska i,lk fuu .%ka:fha tk lreKq f.kyer mdñka iEu fokl=g biau;= lr fmkajkafka wm rfÜ tod meje;s Wiia l=, isß;a" iudc O¾u;d" cd;sl wd.ñl jYfhka wm ,nd ;snQ w;s uy;a ÈhqKqjhs' kuq;a fuu .%ka:h ;=<ska wmg fmkS hkafka Wodr udkj .;s.=Kj,ska msß frdnÜ fkdlaia kï iqÿ cd;slhdf.a fYa%IaG;ajhhs' ta ukao hkak ú.%y lr ne,Su b;d jákafkah' tfukau th l< hq;a;la o jkafkah'
frdnÜ fkdlaia ia:sr isrlrejl= f,i ish mshdKka iu`. nKavdr fldiaj;a; kï .%duhg msúfikafka wÈka jir 350 lg fmr 1660 iema;eïn¾ ui 16 jeksod h' Tyq ta ÿlauqiq mqj; tod fy<Èfjys fojeks mßÉfþofha m%:u fldgfika fufia mjid isáhs'
j¾I 1660 iema;eïn¾ ui 16 jeks Èk lkao Wvrg rc;=ud ud;a umshd;a nKavdr fldiaj;a; kï .%duhg hEjqfhah' wdkkaockl úfõlYS,S ia:dkhla jQ fuh uykqjßka ie;mqï ;syla muK W;=ßka i;a fldar<h kï m%foaYfhys msysáfhah' wfma fiiq wh Ôj;a jQ ia:dkfha isg fu;ekg we;af;a mqrd ojil .ukls'
ish Ôú; .ufka 19 jeks úfha§ ysßu,a ;reKhl= f,i isr.; ùulg ,lafjk frdnÜ fkdlaia ;reKhdg ;u Ôú;fha§ w;aú¢kakg isÿjk b;du fYdapkSh isÿùu jkafka Tyqf.a mshdf.a u<.uh' ta ms<sn|j tod fy<Èfjys i|yka jk úia;rh lshjk yoj;la we;s ´kEu wfhl=g we;sjkafka ord.; fkdyels fõokdjls' wm frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshdf.a wjidkh .ek Tyq ,shk f;dr;=re lshjd n,uq'
fmdfgda fkdfjda keõ f;dáka f.k tk ,o fiajlfhla umshdg isáfhah' tfy;a iajlSh iajdñhd oekg isrlrejl= njg m;a ù isákd neúka fï fiajlhd iajdñhdf.a wK fkdms<smeoafoah' Tyqg jevla lrkakg wK l< úg Tyq th lf<a Tyqg leu;s kï muKls'
umshdKka ksoyiaùfï n,dfmdfrd;a;= muKla fkdj frda.fhka iqjùfï n,dfmdfrd;a;= o iqka jQjd fia fmksKs' n,dfmdfrd;a;= iqkaùfuka wêl ixfõ.hg m;a jQ u mshdKka mqrd Èk kjhla u lsisÿ wyrla uqj fkd;nd isá ieá ug fyd|yeá u;lh' ta Èkj, Tyq mdkh lf<a we,a Èh ì|la muKls'
j¾I 1661 fmnrjdß udifha kj jeksod jk ;=re u mshd fumßoafoka hyk u; ld,h .; lf<ah' fï jljdkqj jk úg Tyqf.a i¾jdx.h iñka jeiQ weglgq f.dvla njg m;a ù ;snqKs' tfia jqjo ksoyi hk jpk ud;%fhka Tyqf.a YÍrhg kj Ôjk yqiau msfU;ehs o fyf;u ksr;=reju m< lf<ah' tfy;a isr Ôú;fhka ksoyi fkdj Tyqf.a fuf,dj Ôú;fhka ksoyi fokakg f,dal md,lhka bgd .;a;d jekak,
fuf,i ish mshdf.a wjika ld,h ms<sn| tod fy<Èúka lreKq lshk frdnÜ fkdlaia ;jÿrg;a fufia i|yka lrhs'
u mshdf.a wNdjhg fmr iekaoEfõ Tyq ug l;d fldg Tyqf.a hyk <`.ska b| .kakg lSfõh' fï wjia:dfõ§ ug o ;Èka WK .ekS ;snqK kuq;a uu we| <`.ska ys| .;sñ' Tyqf.a m%dKh wkql%ufhka ksreoaO ù f.k hk nj foúhka jykafia isr nkaOkfhka Tyq uqod,kakg hk nj ug jegysks' fyf;u ug l;d lf<ah' wjika jpk lsysmh l;d flf<ah' foúhka jykafiaf.a wkq.%yfhka ug kej;;a tx.,ka;hg hkakg jdikdj Wod jqjfyd;a ;ud wjika fudfydf;a§ uf.a uj iy ke.Ksh isys l< ieá Tjqkag okajkakg u mshd ug kshu lf<ah' fldÜáhdrfï isg ujg hjk ,o ,shqï u.ska ;udf.a nQo,h ksis mßÈ fn§ we;s nj f.d; .eiQ u mshd uf.a fldgi yeáhg tys kshu ù we;s foam< Ndrf.k ,o fohska iekiS isák f,i wkqYdikdjla o lf<ah'
ud foúhka jykafia flfrys i;Hjd§ Wkajykafiaf.a mshjr Tiafia .uka l< hq;= nj;a" tfia l<fyd;a foúhka jykafiaf.a wdYs¾jdoh ksrjfYaIfhkau ud i;=jk nj;a mejiQ u mshd uõìug hefuka miq uf.a uj yd ke`.Ksh fyd¢ka /l n,d .; hq;= nj o lSfõh' iajlSh Ôú;fha w.kd w;aoelSï wkqj ;ud bf.k f.k we;s mßÈ uoHmdkfhka yd mdmñ;% fiajkfhka ioygu úfhda ù hyu. .uka lrkakg bgd .kakd f,i umshd wjidk jYfhka uf.ka b,a,d isáfhah'
uu oeä fidúka iqiqï fy¿fjñ' wjika ihkfha jeofyd;a umshd ug jeäfhka iqiqï fy<Sh' uf.a Ôú;h ms<sn|j ;dreKHfha iqmqIams; mqIamh isr Ôú;h ms<sn| w÷re uQl,dkl mrfjkakg bv yßkakg isÿùu iïnkaOfhka fyf;u ÿlaùh' Ôú;h fírd f.k fiiq keúhka iu`. ish rg hkakg fyd| yeá bv ;snqKq wjêhl u mshdf.a nig wjk;j umshd fjkqfjka ud l< wd;au mß;Hd.h .ek is; is;d fyf;u <; jQfõh'' ÿla jQfhah' ,; fjñka" ÿlafjñka tu wd;au mß;Hd.h iïnkaOfhka foúhka jykafia flÈkl fyda ud fj; jvd w.kd ;Hd.hla ,nd fokq ksiel nj fyf;u iy;sl lf<ah' fï yeu wi;a - wi;a umshdf.a wjika fudfydf;a umshdf.a wjika jpkh wikakg umshd wi, isákakg wjia:dj i,id §u iïnkaOfhka uu foúhka jykafiag iaf;%d; meje;aùñ'
;udf.a jpkh ksid ud isrlrefjl= ùu umshdf.a mru fYdalhg fya;= jqjo ish mq;=f.a w;ska uD; lf,anrh NQuodkh jk mßoafoka ish mq;=f.a wìhfiys wjika yqiau fy<kakg ,eîu ;udf.a mru m%S;sh nj m< l< fyf;u ud Tyq <`. fkdisákakg Tyqf.a uD; foayh nÆ leKysÆka yg f.dÿre jkakg bv ;snqK nj o wjika jrg f.d; .iñka lshñka ioygu fofk;a mshd .;af;ah' fï jk úg rd;%s wg kjh fjkakg we;' fya tfiauh' j¾I 1661 fmnrjdß kjjeks Èk umshdfKda ud isrlrejl= fldg ;kslr oud wjika yqiau fy<d fuf,dúka ;=rka jQy'
uúiskau ydrk ,o jf<l umshdKkaf.a foayh uúiskau N+uodk lrk ,§'
fuu ÿlauqiq úia;rh ;=< fYdal fjkakg muKla fkdj oek .kakg o bf.k .kakg foaj,a .eíj we;' tod fy<Èj ;=<ska wm fuf;la lf<a l,ska i|yka l< mßÈ wm rgg" cd;shg" wd.ug" NdIdjg yd isß;a úß;a j,g jqjukd foaj,a WÆmamd fmkajñka wmf.a foaj,a j¾Kkd lsÍu muKs' kuq;a óg jir ;=kaish mkylg fmr tx.,ka; iudch ;=< o u;ameka mdkh ms<sflõ l< mdm ñ;% fiajkh w;ay< msßila isá nj fmkS hhs' tu isß;a wdrlaId lrf.k bÈßhg hk f,i ;u mq;=g wjjdo lrk urKdikak fudfydf;a isák mshdKkaf.ka wmg yef`.kafka wfma ,dxlsl isxy, fn!oaO hym;a mshl= ;u mq;=g fok wka;su Tjoka fkdfõ oehs Tng o is;kakg bvlv we;' tfukau bv ,enqK úfgl h<s ;u uõ rgg hkakg yels jqjfyd;a ;u ìß| iy ÈhKsh wjika fudfydf;a ;ud isysm;a lrk f,i b,a,k frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshd h<s;a mjid isákafka ;u uj;a ke.Ksh;a fyd¢ka n,d.kakd f,ih'
fuu b,a,Sï ;=< o wm isxy, fndÿkq iudcfha hym;a .eñ ,laIK tod tx.,ka; kd.ßl iudch ;=< o ukdj mej;=k nj i|yka lrkafka buy;a m%S;sfhks' frdnÜ fkdlaia fïjd fndrejg fkd,shQ nj wmg ye`.S hkafka Tyq Tyqg iy mshdg widOdrKhla l< isxy, iudchg widOdrK fndre fpdaokd fyda wi;H mqj;a f.d;d m< lr ke;s fYa%IaG mqoa.,hl= ksid h' frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshdf.a msh .=Kh tfia u;= ù toa§ frdnÜ fkdlaia ;=< ;snqK msh fifkyi
fldmuKo@ ug Tyq fmfkkafka uqyqfoa kej .sÆk l,g fndai;a ;u wïud oEf;ka lr msg ys÷jd msyskd f.dv oeïud
tu lúfha tk Wodr fndai;a pß;hhs' ;u mshd fkdokakd rgl w;ruxlr ;udf.a Ôú;h fírdf.k ;u uõ rgg wfkla kdjqlhka iuÛ hkakg fyd|g bvlv ;sìh§ Tyq ;u mshd fjkqfjka kj;skafka ´kEu fohlg uqyqK fokakgh' nqÿ nK mohlaj;a wid fkd;snqK tod tx.,ka; ;reKhl=f.a msh fifkyi wo trfÜ ;reKhka ;=< ;sfío hkak fidhd ne,Su b;d jákafkah' tfukau frdnÜ fkdlaia pß;fha tk iodor”h mS;D fifkyi fld;rï Wiia jkaokSh tlla oehs wmg is;d .; yel' 19 úfha isg ráka msgj f.dia úis jirla blau .sh ld,h ;=< ;u ujqìfï Ôj;a jQ ld,hg jeä;rï ld,hla isrlrejl= f,i fkdy÷kk rgl Ôj;a jkakg Tyqg isÿúh' th Tyq l< jrolg fkdj ffojfha iroulgh'
1660 wfma%,a ui 04 jeks Èk isxy, rcqf.a md,khg k;=j w;awvx.=fõ miqjk frdnÜ fkdlaia jir oykjhl=;a udi yhl=;a Èk 14 la ,xldfõ .; l< isr.; Ôú;h Tyq ksoyiaj tf;la .; l< jhig jvd udi 4 l=;a Èk 17 lska jeä nj frdnÜ fkdlaiau mjik w;r" Tyq 1679 Tlaf;daïn¾ ui 18 jeks Èk foúhka jykafia úiska u ksoyia lrk ,o nj mjihs'
frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a tx.,ka; Ôú;fha f.jqk jir oykjhl b;sydih foi fhduq ù n,k úg Tyq Wm; ,nd we;af;a 1641 fmnrjdß ui wgjeksodh' frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshd ñh.sfha Tyq Wm; ,nd ^frdnÜ fkdlaia& jir 20 la msreKq Èkg miq Èk jQ 1661 fmnrjdß 9 jeksodh' frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshdKkag o ysñ jQfha frdnÜ fkdlaia hk kduhuh' l=vd frdnÜ fkdlaia wOHdmkh ,nd we;af;a fkajdisl mdi,lh' Tyqg Tyqf.a ujf.ka ,eî we;s wOHdmkhg uq,aj we;af;a l%sia;shdks nhsn,fha tk l;d iy mdvï h' ish uj ;ud yslauqKq hym;a whl= lrkakg fndfyda W;aidy f.k we;' th wmf;a fkd.sh jEhula nj frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a pß;fhka jgyd .; yel' frdnÜ fkdlaia .ek wmg oek .kakg ,efnkafka Tyq ish rgg .sh 39 jeks úh olajd muKs' Tyqf.a Èúuf.a kjh fhfok jhi iSudj b;d fYdalckl isÿùïj,g ;=vq § we;s nj fmkS hhs' Tyqg jhi kjfha§ isÿ jQ m%:u fYdalckl isoaêh Tyq úiska igyka lrkafka fufiah'
th k;a;,g l,ska od úh' uf.a jhi wjqreÿ kjhla jkakg we;' umshdKkaf.a fiajlhkaf.ka flfkla l=re,a,ka fjä ;enqug fj,a t<sfha f.dia fjä fnfy;a ksud jQ ;=jlal=j f.keú;a f.or ì;a;sfha fya;a;=lr ;snqfKah' k;a;,a m%S;sh i|yd ;jo l=re,a,l= fokafkl= ovhï lr .ekSu fiajlhdf.a m%S;sh jQ ksidfoda fyf;u ;j;a fjä fnfy;a ì|la f.k tkakg we;=¿ .nvdjg .sfhah' fï w;r ;=jlal=j w;m; .Efï iajNdúl wNs,dIhla ud is; ;=< k,shkakg mgka .;' fldld .iaik ieá ud n,d isg mqreÿh' tfyhska ueo ñÿf,a wiq,d lñka isá mfrhshl=g fjä ;eîfï woyiska uu ;=jlal=j tiùñ' tfy;a tys l| l,ska is;d isá ;rug jvd nr jeä jQfhka th wf;ys fkd/£ ìu jegqfKah' wjdikdjl uy;' th jegqfKa ìug fkdj ìu isá uf.a ;=ka yeúßÈ u,Kqjkaf.a ysi Wvgh' ;=jlal=fõ uy; fldk fuu fkdorejdf.a fkf;ys je£u fya;= fldg f.k uq¿ f.hu .sks jeÿfkah' isÿ jQ weneoaÈh ms<sn| mqj; ,kavkfha isá umshdKkag jydu ie, lrk ,Èka fyf;u Y,H ffjoHjrhl= /f.k ,ys ,ysfhau meñKsfhah' u<Kqjkaf.a ;=jd,h iqjlr .kakg mq¿jka úh' tfy;a fkf;a fmkqu kï ,nd .kakg fkdyels jqfKah' ud ,laÈj úis wjqreÿ isr Ôú;hla .; lr fmr<d .u rgg meñKs úg;a b;sß jQ tl weiska o`.ldr whshd oel .ekSug uf.a ifydaorhd Ôj;a jqfKah'
frdnÜ fkdlaiag jhi kjh fhfok jirj,a fYdalckl f,i f.ù f.dia we;af;a Tyq isr.; ù we;af;a jhi oykjh f.fjk úg ksidh' ;u u,a,sf.a wei ;udf.a w;a je/oafoka wdndO ù jir oyhla msfrk úg Tyq isrlrejl= ùu o isÿ ù we;s nj fmfka' Tyqf.a úiskj jk úh o f.fjkafka isrlrejl= jYfhks' kuq;a ;siakj jk úh f.fjk úg kjfha Ydmh wjika jQ nj fmkS hkafka Tyqg Ôú;fha f.jqKq w÷re oYl foll wjidkh olskakg bvlv ,enqKq ksidh'
frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshd keõ ysñ uyd Okj;l= jQ w;r fyd| kdúlfhla o úh' tfukau fjf<kafola o úh' rg rgj,aj,g .uka lrñka cd;Hka;r fj<|dul fhÿKq Tyqg o jqjukd jQfha fkdlaia fjf<kafol= lrkakgh' kuq;a l=vd frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a leue;a; jQfha uqyqÿ .ukgh' Tyq jhi wjqreÿ 14 § 1655 foieïn¾ 07 jeks Èk ish mshdf.a fk!ldfjka m<uq uqyqÿ .uk isÿlr we;' ta fnx.d,hgh' tu .uk ksujd Tjqka ish rgg meñK we;af;a thska jir folla f.ù .sh miq 1657 cq,s udifha§ h' kuq;a ish fmdf;ka ta nj lshk frdnÜ fkdlaia 1659 ckjdß 21 jeks Èk ;ud;a ish mshd;a isrlrejl= njg m;a jQ .uk wdrïN l<d hEhs mjik w;r" th 1657 uq,a .uk f.jd cq,s udifha ,kavka kqjrg meñKshd hEhs mjik ld, jljdkqj ksfIaO lrkakla nj fmkS hhs' fï wkqj n,k úg Tyq ish .%ka:fhka mjik we;eï ld, jljdkq tlsfklg mriamr nj fmkS hhs'
Tjqka .uka l< kej ,wEka, f,i y÷kajd we;s w;r tu fk!ldfõ frdnÜ fkdlaia iy Tyqf.a mshdKka yer .uka l< wfkla whf.a kï fufia y÷kajd we;' fcdaka ,õ,kaâ" fcdaka .%e.ß" pd,aia ìh¾â" frd.¾ f.da,aâ' iaàjka rï,kaâ' ksl,ia gq,skaia" m%ekaisia l%É" fcdaka fnÍ' /,a*a khsá' mSg¾ úka" ú,shï yneâ" wd;¾ yeuß" ßpâ jdkayeï yd fcda¾þ iÑ;a wd§ jYfhks' fï whf.ka ,xldfõ isr Ôú;hg m;aj we;af;a frdnÜ fkdlaia yd Tyqf.a mshd;a fcdaka ,ï,kaâ iuÛ fcdaka .%e.ß hk fofokd h'
tx.,ka;fhka msg;aj uqyqÿ hd;%dfõ fhÿk fudjqka bkaÈhdjg meñK keõ f;dáka keõ f;dgg .uka lrñka úúO NdKav ksIamdok tl;= lrñka jirla muK tys f.jd wdmiq tx.,ka;h n,d hk .ufka§ wEka kue;s tu fk!ldj we;=¿ fjf<| keõ rdYshla uqyqo ueo§ iq<s iq<Ûg yiqù we;' tys§ fjk;a keõ /ila kdúlhka iuÛ uqyqÿn;a ù we;s w;r frdnÜ fkdlaia,d .uka l< kej uqyqÿn;a fkdjqK;a uy l=U.i lvdf.k f.dia úm;g m;a jQ ksid msysg m;d kejf.k wjq;a we;af;a ,xldfõ fldÜáhdrj jrdhgh'
,xldjg f.dvneiSfuka miq l=U .ilg iqÿiq .ila o lmdf.k we;s Tjqka ,xldj ;=< ojia 21 la fyj;a i;s ;=kla kej;S isáñka fj<|dfï fh§ we;' fï w;r;=r§ Wvrg rc;=ud úiska n, fiakdjla iys;j msßila tjd fuu msßi ms<sn|j úmrï lr we;s w;r Tjqkag fï wh yuqj we;af;a jrdfha isg ie;mqï 12 la rg we;=<;§h' tfia yuqùug tu msßi tu ia:dkhg hjd we;af;a o frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshd úiska kefõ lms;dkajrhd f,i isÿlrk ,o kshuh mßÈh' tfia yuqjk msßig lKavdhfï kdhlhd jQ isxy, ks,Odßhd mjid we;af;a bx.%Sis cd;slhka rgg we;=¿ùu ms<sn|j rcq i;=gg m;ajk nj;a meñKs msßig wjYH jk wem Wmldr ;ud we;=¿ msßig isÿ lsÍug rcq kshu lr we;s nj;a h' tfukau kefõ lms;dka ;ekg ndr fokakg yiqka m;la rcq úiska ÿka nj;a th lms;dkajrhdg ñi fjk;a wfhl=g Ndr fokakg fkdyels nj;a mjid we;' fuf,i fndre mjid kefõ ishÆ fokdu f.dvg f.kajd f.k w;awvx.=jg .;a isxy, rcqf.a msßi Tjqkaf.a oE;a lUj,ska ne|f.k rg we;=<g f.kjq;a Tjqka tu ;;a;ajfhka uqod b;d .reirej ie,l+ nj;a isxy, whf.a tlu wNs,dIh jQfha kej o w;awvx.=jg .ekSu i|yd th fndrefjka rg we;=<g .x fudahla Èf.a f.kajd .ekSu nj;a frdnÜ fkdlaia ish .%ka:fhka m%ldY lr we;' fuf,i fndre lshñka udi folla u fuf,i r|jdf.k isá w;r frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshdf.a nqoaêu;a Ndjh ksid kej w;awvx.=jg .kakg fkdyels ù we;s nj o f.kyer olajhs'
wjidkfha Tjqka ishÆ fokd isrlrejka njg m;a fldg rg ;=<g f.k .sh whqre;a" rcq mejiQ kshuhka yd oelajQ ldreKsl;ajh;a Tjqka .sh .uka uf.a pu;aldr;ajh;a isxy, msßi Tjqkag l< wd.ka;=l i;aldrh;a frdnÜ fkdlaia m%ldY lrkafka buy;a f.!rjfhks' Tjqka w;awvx.=fõ isá ;ek isg uykqjr n,d .sh §¾> md .uk i|yka lrk frdnÜ fkdlaia mjikafka
,uy jk ueÈka ;eks;,d Tiafia .sh fuu .uk WoHdkhl hk úfkdaoodhl .ukla ;rï m%S;s iy.;j hkakg wmg mq¿jka úh', hkqfjka fujeks lshukla j¾;udkfha rfÜ isrlrejl=g ;shd weue;sjrhl=g jqj lshkakg iqÿiq jgmsgdjla mßirhla wm rg ;=< l=uk m%foaYhlj;a ;sfhkjdo hkak m%Yakhls'
fuu ,smsfha§ ud l,ska mejiQ mßÈ ld, jljdkq iïnkaOfhka we;s ù ;sfnk m%Yakh mßj¾;kfha§ we;s ù we;s fodaIhla f,i bÈßm;a lsÍug yelshdj o Wod fõ' ukao h;a Tjqka msßi ,xldjg meñK we;af;a 1660 jif¾§h' Tjqka bkaÈhdfõ isg we;af;a j¾Ihla muKs' ta wkqj ish,a,gu f.ù f.dia we;s ld,h j¾I follg wdikakh' ta wkqj Tjqka 1657 j¾Ifha ckjdß 21 jeks Èkg f.dia ;snqfKa kï ld,h j¾I ;=kls' fï wkqj Tjqkaf.a .uk wdrïN jkakg we;af;a 1658 ckjdß 21 jeksod úh hq;=h'
fu;eka isg ,laÈj ms<sn|j frdnÜ fkdlaia bÈßm;a lrk l;dka;rh úúO me;s ms<sn|j lshdmdk úia;rj,ska iukaú;h' úêu;a wOHdmkhla Wiia f,i ,nd .kakg fkdyels jQ frdnÜ fkdlaia f.kyer olajk fndfyda lreKq Tyqf.a oekqu" nqoaêh úplaIKNdjh fmkakqï lrhs' Tyqf.a ks¾jHdc Ndjh;a" wjxl Ndjh;a ,shQ fmd; ;=< úoHudk fõ' kuq;a wm frdnÜ fkdlaia ,shQ foaj,a j¾;udkfha§ lKmsg yrjd f.k wmg jqjukd mßÈ yqjd olajuq' ud thska m%Odku foh muKla f.kyer olajñ' th kï frdnÜ fkdlaia mejiqjd hEhs wm ,shk lshk f,dl=u fndrejhs' th l=ulao@
l=Uqfrka f.k uv fidaod .;a isxy,hd isxydikh fyUùug iqÿiafiah hkakhs' fuh wuQ,sl fndrejls' frdnÜ fkdlaia ,shd we;af;a fufiah'
;jo tu Wvqkqjr yd hákqjr hk m%foaYj, fiiq m<d;aj,g jvd Wiia f,i;a jeo.;a f,i;a i,lkq ,efí' ck.ykfhka jeä jQ NQñfha idrj;a Ndjfhka o fiiq m%foaY mrojd ¨ fuu m%foaYhkays l=,Skfhda jdih flfr;s' fuu fokqjßka ljr m%foaYhl jqjo" l=Uqf¾ ydñka isák f.dúhd jqjo" l=Uqfrka f.dvg f.k uv fidaod.;a l,ays Tyq .;s .=Kfhka yd mrmqfrka isxydikhg i¾jm%ldrfhka u iqÿiq jkafkah hkq fuys jeishkaf.a ;=v ;=fvys mj;akd l;djls'
fuu Wvqkqjr yd hákqjr ckhdf.a ;u m%foaYfha wh ms<sn|j ujdf.k ;snqKq wê ;lafiarej rfÜ iuia; f.dú ck;dju wkaojk lshukla njg m;alr frdnÜ fkdlaia lshd ;sfnkjd hEhs mejiqfõ ljqrekaoehs fidhd .; hq;=j we;'
frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a isß,l úis jirl isr oඬqju Tyq ú,dmhla fkdlr m%,dm fkdf.d;d rinr úu¾Yk .fõIK l,dmhla lrf.k Ôj;a jQ whqre tu .%ka:fhka wmsg jgyd .; yel' Tyq ish .%ka:fhka ;u isrl< rgg cd;shg isÿl< idOdrKh kQ;k f,dalfha lsisfjl=f.ka n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh fkdyel' ieneúkau Tyq úYsIag .Kfha ÿ¾,N fYa%IaG ukqIHfhls' wjidk jYfhka yd Tyq uq;= fn,af,l=g iudk lrñ' ta ukao h;a ish YÍrh ;=<g je,s leghla .sh miq th uq;= weghla njg m;ajk ;=re wiSñ; fõokdjla ú¢ñka miqfjk uq;= fn,a,d" ish Ôú;djidkfha b;d jákd uq;= leghla ujd § Ôú;fhka iuq.ekSu isÿlrhs' frdnÜ fkdlaia o ish Ôú;fha b;d wkqfõokSh ld, mßÉfþohla wm rfÜ isrlrejl= f,i .; lr wm rg .ek ish rÑ; .%ka:fhka f,djg ÿka mKsúvh b;d jákd uq;= weghla n÷h'
frdnÜ fkdlaia ms<sn|j fuu ,smsh ilia lsÍug lreKq /ia lsÍfï§ tod fy<Èj .%ka:fha fkdue;s úia;rhla fidhd .ekSug yels úh' tu úia;r ,efnkafka óg jir tlish kjhlg fmr uqo%Kfhka m<jQ ta' uekaÈia .=Kfialr uqo,s;=ukaf.a {dkdo¾Yh i`.rdfjka h' .d,af,a ã' oikdhl kue;s uy;auhl= frdnÜ fkdlaia uy;d hkqfjka ,shk ,o tu ,smsfha fufia i|yka lr we;'
,l%s' j' 1658 § m¾ishd kue;s kefõ kdjql iuQyhd o 1659 ,wEka, kue;s kefõ kdjql iuQyhd o isxyf,a rcq úiska isr ndrhg .kakd ,oafoah' fï keõ fofla iuQyhd 29 fofkls' fuhska fldgila ud;f,ag o whs;s ,.a., o" fldgila Wvqkqjr o" fldgila nq,;a.u y;afldar<hg whs;s nKavdr fldiaj;a; uykqjr wd§ ia:dkj, kj;ajd isáfhah' thska nKavdr fldiaj;af;a kj;ajd isá frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshd jk fcdaka fkdlaia 1661 § ñh mrf,dj .sfhah' ,jd¾kayeï, wh fojeks rdcisxy rcqf.a fiakdêm;s Oqrhlg m;a lrkq ,en isg 1680 § ñh mrf,dj .sfhah' Tyqf.a fyajd yuqodj 970 la úh' ,laud¾Ü, kï whf.a ysi msg isxy,hl= úiska fldia f.ähla lvd fy¿Kq ,en thska ñh.sfhah' fldia f.äh lvd fy¿E isxy,hd ta l< jrog rcq úiska urjk ,§'
1679 § frdnÜ fkdlaia yd rÜ,Ekav lshk ;eke;a;d;a" isxyf,a rdcOdksfhka mek.sh l, bx.%Sisldrhka 16 fofkla o Tjqka yg cd;l orejka 18 fofkla o b;sßj isáfhah' 1696 § fuu bx.%Sis isrldr iuQyhdf.ka tla whl= b;sßj wfkla ysrldrhka uqod,k fia isxyf,a rcqf.ka whEo isá;auh lshd' tjlg fld<U isá ,xis W;=udKka jykafia fj; whÿï m;%hla hjk ,§' ta whÿï m;%fha yeáhg uq,§ ysrldrhka 34 fofkla isá nj;a" thska 21 fofkla ñh.sh nj;a" whÿï m;%h fok ld,fha 7 la muK b;sßj isá neõ o fmfka' kuq;a ,ji,a, kï ;eke;a;d isfrka lsis lf,l;a kquqok ,§' fï bx.%SiSkaf.ka wks;aug Ôj;aj isá ú,shï ydn¾Ü kï ;eke;a;d;a Tyqf.a mq;a mSg¾ yd n¾Ü kï ;eke;a;d;a 1706 § uilg m;d. ;=kla ne.ska mekaIka mä ,nñka isá neõ fmfka', frdnÜ fkdlaia isxyf,ka mek .shdg miq kej;;a ,fgdkaúka, kue;s kefõ kshuqjd ^lmams;a;d& ;k;=rg m;aj isg 1699 § tu kefjka fou<lf¾g meñKs m%ia:djl§ ,shqula ,shd Bg Tyqf.a is;shï rEmhla hd lr ta ,shqu yd is;shu;a isxyf,a isá bx.%Sisldrhka fj; hjk f,i ,kais W;=udKkaf.ka whEo isáfhah'
tu ,smsho fuu i`.rdfõ m< ù we;s w;r ,smsfha §¾>Ndjh jeä jk fyhska we;=<;a fkdlrñ' frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a .%ka:fha tk isr.; msßi yd fuu ,smsfha isr.; msßi tl iudk fkdùu úfYaI isoaêhls' fï wkqj ish .%ka:fhka frdnÜ fkdlaia iÛjk ,o Tjqkaf.a f;dr;=re o we;s nj fmfka' tfukau Tyqf.a fmd; ;=< ;sfnk iuyr f;dr;=re ms<s.; fkdyels lreKqj,ska o iukaú;h' iuyr ckm%jdo l;d o Tyq uykqjr rdcOdksh ;=< isÿ jQ úia;r l;d f,i we;=<;a lr we;' thg lÈu ksoiqkls rdcisxy rcq fndrejg Èfha .sf,k njla fmkajd o`.,k úg rcq <`.g f.dia Tyq fírd f.k meñKs ;reKhka fofokd miqj rc ue÷rg f.kajd rcqf.a YÍrhg w; ;enQ jrog ysi .id urKhg m;a lsÍu' fuh ms<s.kakg wmyiq m%jdo l;djla iÔù lsÍuls'
wyqka.,af,a foa' iq' o fidhsid
ráka mek hk ;=re úis jirla mqrd Y%S ,xldj ms<sn|j;a Tyqf.a isrldr Ôú;h ms<sn|j;a ,shQ .%ka:h miqj tod fy<Èj kñka b;d jeo.;a fmd;la f,i isxy,hg mßj¾;kh úh' wm rfÜ fndfyda fokd úiska i,lk fuu .%ka:fha tk lreKq f.kyer mdñka iEu fokl=g biau;= lr fmkajkafka wm rfÜ tod meje;s Wiia l=, isß;a" iudc O¾u;d" cd;sl wd.ñl jYfhka wm ,nd ;snQ w;s uy;a ÈhqKqjhs' kuq;a fuu .%ka:h ;=<ska wmg fmkS hkafka Wodr udkj .;s.=Kj,ska msß frdnÜ fkdlaia kï iqÿ cd;slhdf.a fYa%IaG;ajhhs' ta ukao hkak ú.%y lr ne,Su b;d jákafkah' tfukau th l< hq;a;la o jkafkah'
frdnÜ fkdlaia ia:sr isrlrejl= f,i ish mshdKka iu`. nKavdr fldiaj;a; kï .%duhg msúfikafka wÈka jir 350 lg fmr 1660 iema;eïn¾ ui 16 jeksod h' Tyq ta ÿlauqiq mqj; tod fy<Èfjys fojeks mßÉfþofha m%:u fldgfika fufia mjid isáhs'
j¾I 1660 iema;eïn¾ ui 16 jeks Èk lkao Wvrg rc;=ud ud;a umshd;a nKavdr fldiaj;a; kï .%duhg hEjqfhah' wdkkaockl úfõlYS,S ia:dkhla jQ fuh uykqjßka ie;mqï ;syla muK W;=ßka i;a fldar<h kï m%foaYfhys msysáfhah' wfma fiiq wh Ôj;a jQ ia:dkfha isg fu;ekg we;af;a mqrd ojil .ukls'
ish Ôú; .ufka 19 jeks úfha§ ysßu,a ;reKhl= f,i isr.; ùulg ,lafjk frdnÜ fkdlaia ;reKhdg ;u Ôú;fha§ w;aú¢kakg isÿjk b;du fYdapkSh isÿùu jkafka Tyqf.a mshdf.a u<.uh' ta ms<sn|j tod fy<Èfjys i|yka jk úia;rh lshjk yoj;la we;s ´kEu wfhl=g we;sjkafka ord.; fkdyels fõokdjls' wm frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshdf.a wjidkh .ek Tyq ,shk f;dr;=re lshjd n,uq'
fmdfgda fkdfjda keõ f;dáka f.k tk ,o fiajlfhla umshdg isáfhah' tfy;a iajlSh iajdñhd oekg isrlrejl= njg m;a ù isákd neúka fï fiajlhd iajdñhdf.a wK fkdms<smeoafoah' Tyqg jevla lrkakg wK l< úg Tyq th lf<a Tyqg leu;s kï muKls'
umshdKka ksoyiaùfï n,dfmdfrd;a;= muKla fkdj frda.fhka iqjùfï n,dfmdfrd;a;= o iqka jQjd fia fmksKs' n,dfmdfrd;a;= iqkaùfuka wêl ixfõ.hg m;a jQ u mshdKka mqrd Èk kjhla u lsisÿ wyrla uqj fkd;nd isá ieá ug fyd|yeá u;lh' ta Èkj, Tyq mdkh lf<a we,a Èh ì|la muKls'
j¾I 1661 fmnrjdß udifha kj jeksod jk ;=re u mshd fumßoafoka hyk u; ld,h .; lf<ah' fï jljdkqj jk úg Tyqf.a i¾jdx.h iñka jeiQ weglgq f.dvla njg m;a ù ;snqKs' tfia jqjo ksoyi hk jpk ud;%fhka Tyqf.a YÍrhg kj Ôjk yqiau msfU;ehs o fyf;u ksr;=reju m< lf<ah' tfy;a isr Ôú;fhka ksoyi fkdj Tyqf.a fuf,dj Ôú;fhka ksoyi fokakg f,dal md,lhka bgd .;a;d jekak,
fuf,i ish mshdf.a wjika ld,h ms<sn| tod fy<Èúka lreKq lshk frdnÜ fkdlaia ;jÿrg;a fufia i|yka lrhs'
u mshdf.a wNdjhg fmr iekaoEfõ Tyq ug l;d fldg Tyqf.a hyk <`.ska b| .kakg lSfõh' fï wjia:dfõ§ ug o ;Èka WK .ekS ;snqK kuq;a uu we| <`.ska ys| .;sñ' Tyqf.a m%dKh wkql%ufhka ksreoaO ù f.k hk nj foúhka jykafia isr nkaOkfhka Tyq uqod,kakg hk nj ug jegysks' fyf;u ug l;d lf<ah' wjika jpk lsysmh l;d flf<ah' foúhka jykafiaf.a wkq.%yfhka ug kej;;a tx.,ka;hg hkakg jdikdj Wod jqjfyd;a ;ud wjika fudfydf;a§ uf.a uj iy ke.Ksh isys l< ieá Tjqkag okajkakg u mshd ug kshu lf<ah' fldÜáhdrfï isg ujg hjk ,o ,shqï u.ska ;udf.a nQo,h ksis mßÈ fn§ we;s nj f.d; .eiQ u mshd uf.a fldgi yeáhg tys kshu ù we;s foam< Ndrf.k ,o fohska iekiS isák f,i wkqYdikdjla o lf<ah'
ud foúhka jykafia flfrys i;Hjd§ Wkajykafiaf.a mshjr Tiafia .uka l< hq;= nj;a" tfia l<fyd;a foúhka jykafiaf.a wdYs¾jdoh ksrjfYaIfhkau ud i;=jk nj;a mejiQ u mshd uõìug hefuka miq uf.a uj yd ke`.Ksh fyd¢ka /l n,d .; hq;= nj o lSfõh' iajlSh Ôú;fha w.kd w;aoelSï wkqj ;ud bf.k f.k we;s mßÈ uoHmdkfhka yd mdmñ;% fiajkfhka ioygu úfhda ù hyu. .uka lrkakg bgd .kakd f,i umshd wjidk jYfhka uf.ka b,a,d isáfhah'
uu oeä fidúka iqiqï fy¿fjñ' wjika ihkfha jeofyd;a umshd ug jeäfhka iqiqï fy<Sh' uf.a Ôú;h ms<sn|j ;dreKHfha iqmqIams; mqIamh isr Ôú;h ms<sn| w÷re uQl,dkl mrfjkakg bv yßkakg isÿùu iïnkaOfhka fyf;u ÿlaùh' Ôú;h fírd f.k fiiq keúhka iu`. ish rg hkakg fyd| yeá bv ;snqKq wjêhl u mshdf.a nig wjk;j umshd fjkqfjka ud l< wd;au mß;Hd.h .ek is; is;d fyf;u <; jQfõh'' ÿla jQfhah' ,; fjñka" ÿlafjñka tu wd;au mß;Hd.h iïnkaOfhka foúhka jykafia flÈkl fyda ud fj; jvd w.kd ;Hd.hla ,nd fokq ksiel nj fyf;u iy;sl lf<ah' fï yeu wi;a - wi;a umshdf.a wjika fudfydf;a umshdf.a wjika jpkh wikakg umshd wi, isákakg wjia:dj i,id §u iïnkaOfhka uu foúhka jykafiag iaf;%d; meje;aùñ'
;udf.a jpkh ksid ud isrlrefjl= ùu umshdf.a mru fYdalhg fya;= jqjo ish mq;=f.a w;ska uD; lf,anrh NQuodkh jk mßoafoka ish mq;=f.a wìhfiys wjika yqiau fy<kakg ,eîu ;udf.a mru m%S;sh nj m< l< fyf;u ud Tyq <`. fkdisákakg Tyqf.a uD; foayh nÆ leKysÆka yg f.dÿre jkakg bv ;snqK nj o wjika jrg f.d; .iñka lshñka ioygu fofk;a mshd .;af;ah' fï jk úg rd;%s wg kjh fjkakg we;' fya tfiauh' j¾I 1661 fmnrjdß kjjeks Èk umshdfKda ud isrlrejl= fldg ;kslr oud wjika yqiau fy<d fuf,dúka ;=rka jQy'
uúiskau ydrk ,o jf<l umshdKkaf.a foayh uúiskau N+uodk lrk ,§'
fuu ÿlauqiq úia;rh ;=< fYdal fjkakg muKla fkdj oek .kakg o bf.k .kakg foaj,a .eíj we;' tod fy<Èj ;=<ska wm fuf;la lf<a l,ska i|yka l< mßÈ wm rgg" cd;shg" wd.ug" NdIdjg yd isß;a úß;a j,g jqjukd foaj,a WÆmamd fmkajñka wmf.a foaj,a j¾Kkd lsÍu muKs' kuq;a óg jir ;=kaish mkylg fmr tx.,ka; iudch ;=< o u;ameka mdkh ms<sflõ l< mdm ñ;% fiajkh w;ay< msßila isá nj fmkS hhs' tu isß;a wdrlaId lrf.k bÈßhg hk f,i ;u mq;=g wjjdo lrk urKdikak fudfydf;a isák mshdKkaf.ka wmg yef`.kafka wfma ,dxlsl isxy, fn!oaO hym;a mshl= ;u mq;=g fok wka;su Tjoka fkdfõ oehs Tng o is;kakg bvlv we;' tfukau bv ,enqK úfgl h<s ;u uõ rgg hkakg yels jqjfyd;a ;u ìß| iy ÈhKsh wjika fudfydf;a ;ud isysm;a lrk f,i b,a,k frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshd h<s;a mjid isákafka ;u uj;a ke.Ksh;a fyd¢ka n,d.kakd f,ih'
fuu b,a,Sï ;=< o wm isxy, fndÿkq iudcfha hym;a .eñ ,laIK tod tx.,ka; kd.ßl iudch ;=< o ukdj mej;=k nj i|yka lrkafka buy;a m%S;sfhks' frdnÜ fkdlaia fïjd fndrejg fkd,shQ nj wmg ye`.S hkafka Tyq Tyqg iy mshdg widOdrKhla l< isxy, iudchg widOdrK fndre fpdaokd fyda wi;H mqj;a f.d;d m< lr ke;s fYa%IaG mqoa.,hl= ksid h' frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshdf.a msh .=Kh tfia u;= ù toa§ frdnÜ fkdlaia ;=< ;snqK msh fifkyi
fldmuKo@ ug Tyq fmfkkafka uqyqfoa kej .sÆk l,g fndai;a ;u wïud oEf;ka lr msg ys÷jd msyskd f.dv oeïud
tu lúfha tk Wodr fndai;a pß;hhs' ;u mshd fkdokakd rgl w;ruxlr ;udf.a Ôú;h fírdf.k ;u uõ rgg wfkla kdjqlhka iuÛ hkakg fyd|g bvlv ;sìh§ Tyq ;u mshd fjkqfjka kj;skafka ´kEu fohlg uqyqK fokakgh' nqÿ nK mohlaj;a wid fkd;snqK tod tx.,ka; ;reKhl=f.a msh fifkyi wo trfÜ ;reKhka ;=< ;sfío hkak fidhd ne,Su b;d jákafkah' tfukau frdnÜ fkdlaia pß;fha tk iodor”h mS;D fifkyi fld;rï Wiia jkaokSh tlla oehs wmg is;d .; yel' 19 úfha isg ráka msgj f.dia úis jirla blau .sh ld,h ;=< ;u ujqìfï Ôj;a jQ ld,hg jeä;rï ld,hla isrlrejl= f,i fkdy÷kk rgl Ôj;a jkakg Tyqg isÿúh' th Tyq l< jrolg fkdj ffojfha iroulgh'
1660 wfma%,a ui 04 jeks Èk isxy, rcqf.a md,khg k;=j w;awvx.=fõ miqjk frdnÜ fkdlaia jir oykjhl=;a udi yhl=;a Èk 14 la ,xldfõ .; l< isr.; Ôú;h Tyq ksoyiaj tf;la .; l< jhig jvd udi 4 l=;a Èk 17 lska jeä nj frdnÜ fkdlaiau mjik w;r" Tyq 1679 Tlaf;daïn¾ ui 18 jeks Èk foúhka jykafia úiska u ksoyia lrk ,o nj mjihs'
frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a tx.,ka; Ôú;fha f.jqk jir oykjhl b;sydih foi fhduq ù n,k úg Tyq Wm; ,nd we;af;a 1641 fmnrjdß ui wgjeksodh' frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshd ñh.sfha Tyq Wm; ,nd ^frdnÜ fkdlaia& jir 20 la msreKq Èkg miq Èk jQ 1661 fmnrjdß 9 jeksodh' frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshdKkag o ysñ jQfha frdnÜ fkdlaia hk kduhuh' l=vd frdnÜ fkdlaia wOHdmkh ,nd we;af;a fkajdisl mdi,lh' Tyqg Tyqf.a ujf.ka ,eî we;s wOHdmkhg uq,aj we;af;a l%sia;shdks nhsn,fha tk l;d iy mdvï h' ish uj ;ud yslauqKq hym;a whl= lrkakg fndfyda W;aidy f.k we;' th wmf;a fkd.sh jEhula nj frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a pß;fhka jgyd .; yel' frdnÜ fkdlaia .ek wmg oek .kakg ,efnkafka Tyq ish rgg .sh 39 jeks úh olajd muKs' Tyqf.a Èúuf.a kjh fhfok jhi iSudj b;d fYdalckl isÿùïj,g ;=vq § we;s nj fmkS hhs' Tyqg jhi kjfha§ isÿ jQ m%:u fYdalckl isoaêh Tyq úiska igyka lrkafka fufiah'
th k;a;,g l,ska od úh' uf.a jhi wjqreÿ kjhla jkakg we;' umshdKkaf.a fiajlhkaf.ka flfkla l=re,a,ka fjä ;enqug fj,a t<sfha f.dia fjä fnfy;a ksud jQ ;=jlal=j f.keú;a f.or ì;a;sfha fya;a;=lr ;snqfKah' k;a;,a m%S;sh i|yd ;jo l=re,a,l= fokafkl= ovhï lr .ekSu fiajlhdf.a m%S;sh jQ ksidfoda fyf;u ;j;a fjä fnfy;a ì|la f.k tkakg we;=¿ .nvdjg .sfhah' fï w;r ;=jlal=j w;m; .Efï iajNdúl wNs,dIhla ud is; ;=< k,shkakg mgka .;' fldld .iaik ieá ud n,d isg mqreÿh' tfyhska ueo ñÿf,a wiq,d lñka isá mfrhshl=g fjä ;eîfï woyiska uu ;=jlal=j tiùñ' tfy;a tys l| l,ska is;d isá ;rug jvd nr jeä jQfhka th wf;ys fkd/£ ìu jegqfKah' wjdikdjl uy;' th jegqfKa ìug fkdj ìu isá uf.a ;=ka yeúßÈ u,Kqjkaf.a ysi Wvgh' ;=jlal=fõ uy; fldk fuu fkdorejdf.a fkf;ys je£u fya;= fldg f.k uq¿ f.hu .sks jeÿfkah' isÿ jQ weneoaÈh ms<sn| mqj; ,kavkfha isá umshdKkag jydu ie, lrk ,Èka fyf;u Y,H ffjoHjrhl= /f.k ,ys ,ysfhau meñKsfhah' u<Kqjkaf.a ;=jd,h iqjlr .kakg mq¿jka úh' tfy;a fkf;a fmkqu kï ,nd .kakg fkdyels jqfKah' ud ,laÈj úis wjqreÿ isr Ôú;hla .; lr fmr<d .u rgg meñKs úg;a b;sß jQ tl weiska o`.ldr whshd oel .ekSug uf.a ifydaorhd Ôj;a jqfKah'
frdnÜ fkdlaiag jhi kjh fhfok jirj,a fYdalckl f,i f.ù f.dia we;af;a Tyq isr.; ù we;af;a jhi oykjh f.fjk úg ksidh' ;u u,a,sf.a wei ;udf.a w;a je/oafoka wdndO ù jir oyhla msfrk úg Tyq isrlrejl= ùu o isÿ ù we;s nj fmfka' Tyqf.a úiskj jk úh o f.fjkafka isrlrejl= jYfhks' kuq;a ;siakj jk úh f.fjk úg kjfha Ydmh wjika jQ nj fmkS hkafka Tyqg Ôú;fha f.jqKq w÷re oYl foll wjidkh olskakg bvlv ,enqKq ksidh'
frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshd keõ ysñ uyd Okj;l= jQ w;r fyd| kdúlfhla o úh' tfukau fjf<kafola o úh' rg rgj,aj,g .uka lrñka cd;Hka;r fj<|dul fhÿKq Tyqg o jqjukd jQfha fkdlaia fjf<kafol= lrkakgh' kuq;a l=vd frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a leue;a; jQfha uqyqÿ .ukgh' Tyq jhi wjqreÿ 14 § 1655 foieïn¾ 07 jeks Èk ish mshdf.a fk!ldfjka m<uq uqyqÿ .uk isÿlr we;' ta fnx.d,hgh' tu .uk ksujd Tjqka ish rgg meñK we;af;a thska jir folla f.ù .sh miq 1657 cq,s udifha§ h' kuq;a ish fmdf;ka ta nj lshk frdnÜ fkdlaia 1659 ckjdß 21 jeks Èk ;ud;a ish mshd;a isrlrejl= njg m;a jQ .uk wdrïN l<d hEhs mjik w;r" th 1657 uq,a .uk f.jd cq,s udifha ,kavka kqjrg meñKshd hEhs mjik ld, jljdkqj ksfIaO lrkakla nj fmkS hhs' fï wkqj n,k úg Tyq ish .%ka:fhka mjik we;eï ld, jljdkq tlsfklg mriamr nj fmkS hhs'
Tjqka .uka l< kej ,wEka, f,i y÷kajd we;s w;r tu fk!ldfõ frdnÜ fkdlaia iy Tyqf.a mshdKka yer .uka l< wfkla whf.a kï fufia y÷kajd we;' fcdaka ,õ,kaâ" fcdaka .%e.ß" pd,aia ìh¾â" frd.¾ f.da,aâ' iaàjka rï,kaâ' ksl,ia gq,skaia" m%ekaisia l%É" fcdaka fnÍ' /,a*a khsá' mSg¾ úka" ú,shï yneâ" wd;¾ yeuß" ßpâ jdkayeï yd fcda¾þ iÑ;a wd§ jYfhks' fï whf.ka ,xldfõ isr Ôú;hg m;aj we;af;a frdnÜ fkdlaia yd Tyqf.a mshd;a fcdaka ,ï,kaâ iuÛ fcdaka .%e.ß hk fofokd h'
tx.,ka;fhka msg;aj uqyqÿ hd;%dfõ fhÿk fudjqka bkaÈhdjg meñK keõ f;dáka keõ f;dgg .uka lrñka úúO NdKav ksIamdok tl;= lrñka jirla muK tys f.jd wdmiq tx.,ka;h n,d hk .ufka§ wEka kue;s tu fk!ldj we;=¿ fjf<| keõ rdYshla uqyqo ueo§ iq<s iq<Ûg yiqù we;' tys§ fjk;a keõ /ila kdúlhka iuÛ uqyqÿn;a ù we;s w;r frdnÜ fkdlaia,d .uka l< kej uqyqÿn;a fkdjqK;a uy l=U.i lvdf.k f.dia úm;g m;a jQ ksid msysg m;d kejf.k wjq;a we;af;a ,xldfõ fldÜáhdrj jrdhgh'
,xldjg f.dvneiSfuka miq l=U .ilg iqÿiq .ila o lmdf.k we;s Tjqka ,xldj ;=< ojia 21 la fyj;a i;s ;=kla kej;S isáñka fj<|dfï fh§ we;' fï w;r;=r§ Wvrg rc;=ud úiska n, fiakdjla iys;j msßila tjd fuu msßi ms<sn|j úmrï lr we;s w;r Tjqkag fï wh yuqj we;af;a jrdfha isg ie;mqï 12 la rg we;=<;§h' tfia yuqùug tu msßi tu ia:dkhg hjd we;af;a o frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshd úiska kefõ lms;dkajrhd f,i isÿlrk ,o kshuh mßÈh' tfia yuqjk msßig lKavdhfï kdhlhd jQ isxy, ks,Odßhd mjid we;af;a bx.%Sis cd;slhka rgg we;=¿ùu ms<sn|j rcq i;=gg m;ajk nj;a meñKs msßig wjYH jk wem Wmldr ;ud we;=¿ msßig isÿ lsÍug rcq kshu lr we;s nj;a h' tfukau kefõ lms;dka ;ekg ndr fokakg yiqka m;la rcq úiska ÿka nj;a th lms;dkajrhdg ñi fjk;a wfhl=g Ndr fokakg fkdyels nj;a mjid we;' fuf,i fndre mjid kefõ ishÆ fokdu f.dvg f.kajd f.k w;awvx.=jg .;a isxy, rcqf.a msßi Tjqkaf.a oE;a lUj,ska ne|f.k rg we;=<g f.kjq;a Tjqka tu ;;a;ajfhka uqod b;d .reirej ie,l+ nj;a isxy, whf.a tlu wNs,dIh jQfha kej o w;awvx.=jg .ekSu i|yd th fndrefjka rg we;=<g .x fudahla Èf.a f.kajd .ekSu nj;a frdnÜ fkdlaia ish .%ka:fhka m%ldY lr we;' fuf,i fndre lshñka udi folla u fuf,i r|jdf.k isá w;r frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshdf.a nqoaêu;a Ndjh ksid kej w;awvx.=jg .kakg fkdyels ù we;s nj o f.kyer olajhs'
wjidkfha Tjqka ishÆ fokd isrlrejka njg m;a fldg rg ;=<g f.k .sh whqre;a" rcq mejiQ kshuhka yd oelajQ ldreKsl;ajh;a Tjqka .sh .uka uf.a pu;aldr;ajh;a isxy, msßi Tjqkag l< wd.ka;=l i;aldrh;a frdnÜ fkdlaia m%ldY lrkafka buy;a f.!rjfhks' Tjqka w;awvx.=fõ isá ;ek isg uykqjr n,d .sh §¾> md .uk i|yka lrk frdnÜ fkdlaia mjikafka
,uy jk ueÈka ;eks;,d Tiafia .sh fuu .uk WoHdkhl hk úfkdaoodhl .ukla ;rï m%S;s iy.;j hkakg wmg mq¿jka úh', hkqfjka fujeks lshukla j¾;udkfha rfÜ isrlrejl=g ;shd weue;sjrhl=g jqj lshkakg iqÿiq jgmsgdjla mßirhla wm rg ;=< l=uk m%foaYhlj;a ;sfhkjdo hkak m%Yakhls'
fuu ,smsfha§ ud l,ska mejiQ mßÈ ld, jljdkq iïnkaOfhka we;s ù ;sfnk m%Yakh mßj¾;kfha§ we;s ù we;s fodaIhla f,i bÈßm;a lsÍug yelshdj o Wod fõ' ukao h;a Tjqka msßi ,xldjg meñK we;af;a 1660 jif¾§h' Tjqka bkaÈhdfõ isg we;af;a j¾Ihla muKs' ta wkqj ish,a,gu f.ù f.dia we;s ld,h j¾I follg wdikakh' ta wkqj Tjqka 1657 j¾Ifha ckjdß 21 jeks Èkg f.dia ;snqfKa kï ld,h j¾I ;=kls' fï wkqj Tjqkaf.a .uk wdrïN jkakg we;af;a 1658 ckjdß 21 jeksod úh hq;=h'
fu;eka isg ,laÈj ms<sn|j frdnÜ fkdlaia bÈßm;a lrk l;dka;rh úúO me;s ms<sn|j lshdmdk úia;rj,ska iukaú;h' úêu;a wOHdmkhla Wiia f,i ,nd .kakg fkdyels jQ frdnÜ fkdlaia f.kyer olajk fndfyda lreKq Tyqf.a oekqu" nqoaêh úplaIKNdjh fmkakqï lrhs' Tyqf.a ks¾jHdc Ndjh;a" wjxl Ndjh;a ,shQ fmd; ;=< úoHudk fõ' kuq;a wm frdnÜ fkdlaia ,shQ foaj,a j¾;udkfha§ lKmsg yrjd f.k wmg jqjukd mßÈ yqjd olajuq' ud thska m%Odku foh muKla f.kyer olajñ' th kï frdnÜ fkdlaia mejiqjd hEhs wm ,shk lshk f,dl=u fndrejhs' th l=ulao@
l=Uqfrka f.k uv fidaod .;a isxy,hd isxydikh fyUùug iqÿiafiah hkakhs' fuh wuQ,sl fndrejls' frdnÜ fkdlaia ,shd we;af;a fufiah'
;jo tu Wvqkqjr yd hákqjr hk m%foaYj, fiiq m<d;aj,g jvd Wiia f,i;a jeo.;a f,i;a i,lkq ,efí' ck.ykfhka jeä jQ NQñfha idrj;a Ndjfhka o fiiq m%foaY mrojd ¨ fuu m%foaYhkays l=,Skfhda jdih flfr;s' fuu fokqjßka ljr m%foaYhl jqjo" l=Uqf¾ ydñka isák f.dúhd jqjo" l=Uqfrka f.dvg f.k uv fidaod.;a l,ays Tyq .;s .=Kfhka yd mrmqfrka isxydikhg i¾jm%ldrfhka u iqÿiq jkafkah hkq fuys jeishkaf.a ;=v ;=fvys mj;akd l;djls'
fuu Wvqkqjr yd hákqjr ckhdf.a ;u m%foaYfha wh ms<sn|j ujdf.k ;snqKq wê ;lafiarej rfÜ iuia; f.dú ck;dju wkaojk lshukla njg m;alr frdnÜ fkdlaia lshd ;sfnkjd hEhs mejiqfõ ljqrekaoehs fidhd .; hq;=j we;'
frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a isß,l úis jirl isr oඬqju Tyq ú,dmhla fkdlr m%,dm fkdf.d;d rinr úu¾Yk .fõIK l,dmhla lrf.k Ôj;a jQ whqre tu .%ka:fhka wmsg jgyd .; yel' Tyq ish .%ka:fhka ;u isrl< rgg cd;shg isÿl< idOdrKh kQ;k f,dalfha lsisfjl=f.ka n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh fkdyel' ieneúkau Tyq úYsIag .Kfha ÿ¾,N fYa%IaG ukqIHfhls' wjidk jYfhka yd Tyq uq;= fn,af,l=g iudk lrñ' ta ukao h;a ish YÍrh ;=<g je,s leghla .sh miq th uq;= weghla njg m;ajk ;=re wiSñ; fõokdjla ú¢ñka miqfjk uq;= fn,a,d" ish Ôú;djidkfha b;d jákd uq;= leghla ujd § Ôú;fhka iuq.ekSu isÿlrhs' frdnÜ fkdlaia o ish Ôú;fha b;d wkqfõokSh ld, mßÉfþohla wm rfÜ isrlrejl= f,i .; lr wm rg .ek ish rÑ; .%ka:fhka f,djg ÿka mKsúvh b;d jákd uq;= weghla n÷h'
frdnÜ fkdlaia ms<sn|j fuu ,smsh ilia lsÍug lreKq /ia lsÍfï§ tod fy<Èj .%ka:fha fkdue;s úia;rhla fidhd .ekSug yels úh' tu úia;r ,efnkafka óg jir tlish kjhlg fmr uqo%Kfhka m<jQ ta' uekaÈia .=Kfialr uqo,s;=ukaf.a {dkdo¾Yh i`.rdfjka h' .d,af,a ã' oikdhl kue;s uy;auhl= frdnÜ fkdlaia uy;d hkqfjka ,shk ,o tu ,smsfha fufia i|yka lr we;'
,l%s' j' 1658 § m¾ishd kue;s kefõ kdjql iuQyhd o 1659 ,wEka, kue;s kefõ kdjql iuQyhd o isxyf,a rcq úiska isr ndrhg .kakd ,oafoah' fï keõ fofla iuQyhd 29 fofkls' fuhska fldgila ud;f,ag o whs;s ,.a., o" fldgila Wvqkqjr o" fldgila nq,;a.u y;afldar<hg whs;s nKavdr fldiaj;a; uykqjr wd§ ia:dkj, kj;ajd isáfhah' thska nKavdr fldiaj;af;a kj;ajd isá frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a mshd jk fcdaka fkdlaia 1661 § ñh mrf,dj .sfhah' ,jd¾kayeï, wh fojeks rdcisxy rcqf.a fiakdêm;s Oqrhlg m;a lrkq ,en isg 1680 § ñh mrf,dj .sfhah' Tyqf.a fyajd yuqodj 970 la úh' ,laud¾Ü, kï whf.a ysi msg isxy,hl= úiska fldia f.ähla lvd fy¿Kq ,en thska ñh.sfhah' fldia f.äh lvd fy¿E isxy,hd ta l< jrog rcq úiska urjk ,§'
1679 § frdnÜ fkdlaia yd rÜ,Ekav lshk ;eke;a;d;a" isxyf,a rdcOdksfhka mek.sh l, bx.%Sisldrhka 16 fofkla o Tjqka yg cd;l orejka 18 fofkla o b;sßj isáfhah' 1696 § fuu bx.%Sis isrldr iuQyhdf.ka tla whl= b;sßj wfkla ysrldrhka uqod,k fia isxyf,a rcqf.ka whEo isá;auh lshd' tjlg fld<U isá ,xis W;=udKka jykafia fj; whÿï m;%hla hjk ,§' ta whÿï m;%fha yeáhg uq,§ ysrldrhka 34 fofkla isá nj;a" thska 21 fofkla ñh.sh nj;a" whÿï m;%h fok ld,fha 7 la muK b;sßj isá neõ o fmfka' kuq;a ,ji,a, kï ;eke;a;d isfrka lsis lf,l;a kquqok ,§' fï bx.%SiSkaf.ka wks;aug Ôj;aj isá ú,shï ydn¾Ü kï ;eke;a;d;a Tyqf.a mq;a mSg¾ yd n¾Ü kï ;eke;a;d;a 1706 § uilg m;d. ;=kla ne.ska mekaIka mä ,nñka isá neõ fmfka', frdnÜ fkdlaia isxyf,ka mek .shdg miq kej;;a ,fgdkaúka, kue;s kefõ kshuqjd ^lmams;a;d& ;k;=rg m;aj isg 1699 § tu kefjka fou<lf¾g meñKs m%ia:djl§ ,shqula ,shd Bg Tyqf.a is;shï rEmhla hd lr ta ,shqu yd is;shu;a isxyf,a isá bx.%Sisldrhka fj; hjk f,i ,kais W;=udKkaf.ka whEo isáfhah'
tu ,smsho fuu i`.rdfõ m< ù we;s w;r ,smsfha §¾>Ndjh jeä jk fyhska we;=<;a fkdlrñ' frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a .%ka:fha tk isr.; msßi yd fuu ,smsfha isr.; msßi tl iudk fkdùu úfYaI isoaêhls' fï wkqj ish .%ka:fhka frdnÜ fkdlaia iÛjk ,o Tjqkaf.a f;dr;=re o we;s nj fmfka' tfukau Tyqf.a fmd; ;=< ;sfnk iuyr f;dr;=re ms<s.; fkdyels lreKqj,ska o iukaú;h' iuyr ckm%jdo l;d o Tyq uykqjr rdcOdksh ;=< isÿ jQ úia;r l;d f,i we;=<;a lr we;' thg lÈu ksoiqkls rdcisxy rcq fndrejg Èfha .sf,k njla fmkajd o`.,k úg rcq <`.g f.dia Tyq fírd f.k meñKs ;reKhka fofokd miqj rc ue÷rg f.kajd rcqf.a YÍrhg w; ;enQ jrog ysi .id urKhg m;a lsÍu' fuh ms<s.kakg wmyiq m%jdo l;djla iÔù lsÍuls'
wyqka.,af,a foa' iq' o fidhsid
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